Can an NV1544 be used with a TA5K, 10g OLT, and an SDX 622 ONT to place calls between two local (side-by-side) phones without a sip server?
The 1544 would not be able to accomplish this. You would need either an IPBG such as a TA900 or an Router/SBC product such as the 3140 with SBC. This would allow the TA5k to build a sip trunk to the Sip Server of one of those aforementioned products where the DID or extension could be configured as a voice user and allow calls between the phones.